Autonomous vehicle testing in Detroit
Detroit has been a focal point for automotive innovation since the earliest days of the industry, and this legacy continues with significant investment and testing in autonomous vehicle technology.[1] From the first gas-powered vehicle to traverse its streets to modern research facilities, the city is actively positioning itself as a leader in the development and implementation of self-driving technology. This article details the history, current state, and future outlook of autonomous vehicle testing within Detroit.
History
The roots of automotive testing in Detroit stretch back to the very beginnings of the automobile. In 1896, Charles Brady King piloted the first gas-powered vehicle on Woodward Avenue, marking a pivotal moment in the city’s automotive history.[2] While not autonomous in the modern sense, this event established Detroit as a proving ground for new automotive technologies. However, dedicated research into autonomous capabilities began much later. A significant, early step occurred fifty years ago when a major tier-one automotive supplier constructed a dedicated research facility and track specifically to test the feasibility of autonomous electric vehicles.[3] This facility was located in the same areas where automakers continue to test vehicles today, demonstrating a long-standing commitment to innovation in the region.
The recent surge in autonomous vehicle development is linked to advancements in artificial intelligence and sensor technology, as well as the introduction of features like Tesla’s Autopilot. Despite some setbacks, such as the closure of Argo AI, a self-driving vehicle startup backed by Ford and Volkswagen, the industry continues to invest heavily in this area.[4] This ongoing investment underscores the belief that autonomous vehicles will play a significant role in the future of transportation, and Detroit aims to be at the forefront of this transformation.
Geography
Detroit’s geographical landscape and existing infrastructure have played a role in its suitability for autonomous vehicle testing. The city offers a diverse range of road conditions, including highways, city streets, and areas with varying levels of traffic congestion. This variety is crucial for evaluating the performance of autonomous systems in different scenarios. Furthermore, the presence of established automotive suppliers and engineering expertise within the metropolitan area provides a supportive ecosystem for testing and development.
The establishment of Mcity, built by the University of Michigan in 2015, represents a significant geographical asset for autonomous vehicle research.[5] Mcity is the first open-air city designed to replicate real-world urban environments, allowing researchers to test autonomous vehicles in a controlled setting. While located in Ann Arbor, its proximity to Detroit facilitates collaboration and knowledge sharing within the broader automotive industry. The availability of dedicated testing facilities, alongside public roads, provides a comprehensive environment for evaluating the safety, efficiency, accessibility, and commercial viability of autonomous vehicle technology.
Economy
The pursuit of autonomous vehicle technology represents a substantial economic opportunity for Detroit. American cities, including Detroit, are actively competing to become the country’s hub for autonomous vehicles, recognizing the potential for job creation, investment, and economic growth.[6] The development and testing of these vehicles require a skilled workforce, encompassing engineers, software developers, data scientists, and technicians. This demand is driving investment in education and training programs to prepare the local workforce for the jobs of the future.
The automotive industry’s continued investment in self-driving technology, despite recent challenges, demonstrates its long-term commitment to the region. The launch of self-driving vehicle testing initiatives also involves the development of new test procedures and methodologies for evaluating autonomous vehicles, creating further economic activity.[7] The presence of established automotive manufacturers, suppliers, and research institutions in Detroit positions the city as a key player in the autonomous vehicle ecosystem, attracting investment and fostering innovation.