Fairgrounds redevelopment
The concept of the fairground as a community and economic hub has a long history, evolving from ancient gatherings to modern redevelopment projects aimed at revitalizing urban areas. While the specific details vary by location, the underlying goal often remains consistent: to create spaces that foster commerce, entertainment, and community engagement. In Detroit, redevelopment efforts focused on fairground areas represent a continuing attempt to leverage these spaces for economic growth and improved quality of life.
History
Fairs themselves have deep roots, with evidence suggesting their existence as early as 500 BC[1]. Throughout the growth of the United States, fairs became integral to Americana, serving as central locations for showcasing agricultural products, livestock, and emerging technologies. These events were not merely commercial ventures but also social gatherings that strengthened community bonds. The Fairground neighborhood in St. Louis, Missouri, for example, began development in the late 1860s, with further expansion continuing through the turn of the century[2]. This illustrates a pattern of fairgrounds becoming catalysts for surrounding residential and commercial development.
More recently, the Fairgrounds Project in Park Hills, Missouri, provides a case study in modern redevelopment. Conceived in 2014/2015, the project aimed to create a new economic area and generate sales tax revenue for the city[3]. The initial plan focused on creating trail entrances for ATV/ORV and motorcycle riders, as well as a hiking/biking trail extension. Construction, which began in late May/June 2017 and concluded over 3.5 years later, involved multiple phases and ultimately cost $5,610,349.01. The project’s completion in January allowed the city to receive a final grant payment of just over $138,000.
Economy
The economic rationale behind fairground redevelopment projects is often centered on generating revenue and stimulating local economies. In Park Hills, the Fairgrounds Project was specifically designed to create a new economic area and boost sales tax income[4]. This is achieved through a combination of attracting new businesses, increasing tourism, and providing recreational opportunities that draw spending into the local area. The sale of land surrounding the redeveloped fairgrounds, as seen with the Drillmo Corporation selling sections before project completion and eventually all remaining land to a local developer, is a common strategy for encouraging private investment.
Beyond direct revenue generation, fairground redevelopment can also have indirect economic benefits. The creation of new sports and entertainment districts, as proposed in a 236-acre redevelopment project, can attract visitors and residents, supporting local businesses and creating employment opportunities[5]. These projects often involve significant infrastructure improvements, which can further enhance the economic competitiveness of the surrounding area. The financial burden of such projects, however, can be substantial, as demonstrated by the Park Hills project, which required budget cuts, workforce reductions, and city employee involvement to complete.
Redevelopment Processes
The redevelopment of fairgrounds is rarely a straightforward process. Bernalillo County has established a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) resource to provide transparent information on the redevelopment process and decision-making timeline[6]. This highlights the importance of public engagement and clear communication in managing expectations and addressing concerns. The Park Hills project also experienced complexities, with the final cost exceeding initial projections due to factors like inflation, cost overruns, and the inclusion of previously omitted necessities[7].
Master planning is a crucial component of successful fairground redevelopment. Stantec partnered with the New Mexico General Services Department to deliver a redevelopment master plan for a 236-acre site, aiming to create a new sports and entertainment district while supporting new housing[8]. This type of comprehensive planning ensures that the redevelopment aligns with broader community goals and maximizes its potential economic and social impact. Funding for these projects often involves a mix of public and private investment, with cities sometimes borrowing funds, as Park Hills did with a loan from the Missouri Transportation Finance Corporation, and supplementing them with grants.
Neighborhoods
The development surrounding fairgrounds often creates or defines distinct neighborhoods. In St. Louis, the Fairground neighborhood itself developed in stages, beginning in the late 1860s and continuing through the turn of the century[9]. These neighborhoods typically benefit from increased property values and improved amenities as the fairgrounds are redeveloped. The presence of recreational facilities and entertainment venues can also enhance the quality of life for residents in the surrounding areas.
The Park Hills Fairgrounds Project, while focused on outdoor recreation, also spurred commercial development with the opening of Leadbelt Power Sports and the anticipation of further businesses[10]. This demonstrates how fairground redevelopment can act as a catalyst for broader neighborhood improvements. The success of these efforts often depends on careful planning and collaboration between public and private stakeholders to ensure that the redevelopment benefits both residents and businesses.