First National Building
The First National Building, completed in 1922, once stood as Detroit’s tallest skyscraper, marking a significant moment in the city’s architectural and financial history[1]. Its construction signaled Detroit’s growth and ambition, replacing the recently demolished Hotel Pontchartrain and becoming a symbol of the city’s burgeoning economic power. The building continues to be a prominent feature of the Detroit skyline and a testament to early 20th-century architectural design. Today, it is a modernized office space, retaining much of its original grandeur while serving as a hub for businesses in the downtown core.
History
Originally constructed for the First National Bank, the 25-story building opened in March 1922[2]. The bank itself had roots dating back to 1863, growing into one of Detroit’s major financial institutions[3]. Prior to its opening, the bank streamlined its name from First and Old Detroit National Bank to simply First National Bank[4]. The building’s construction was a response to the city’s need for a modern banking center, and its opening was met with considerable local pride. The Detroit Free Press noted at the time that the “Pontch” was gone, but a structure of which all Detroit could be proud now stood in its place[5].
In 1927, plans were initiated for a 25-story addition to the First National Building, including an 800-car parking garage[6]. This addition opened in April of the following year, further solidifying the building’s prominence and functionality. More recently, in August 2011, businessman Dan Gilbert acquired the First National Building as part of his growing portfolio of downtown Detroit real estate[7]. Gilbert then undertook a substantial renovation and restoration project, investing over $110 million to modernize the building while preserving its historic character. This renovation included updates to the lobbies and concourse, the addition of retail space, and the restoration of original architectural details.
Geography
The First National Building is located at Woodward Avenue and Cadillac Square in downtown Detroit[8]. Its distinctive "Z" shape was intentionally designed to maximize natural light and ventilation for the offices within[9]. The building is situated amongst other significant Detroit landmarks, including the Vinton Building, which is visible in photographs of the First National Building[10]. Its location within Campus Martius makes it a central point in the city’s urban core.
The building’s height reaches 357 feet to the tip of its antenna spire[11], with the roof reaching 341 feet and the top floor at 336 feet[12]. It contains 26 floors[13] and occupies a total of 750,000 square feet[14]. The building’s substantial size and central location contribute to its importance within the Detroit cityscape.
Economy
The First National Building has long been associated with the financial industry, originally serving as the headquarters for First National Bank[15]. The banking lobby was once one of the five largest in the country, boasting 69 teller windows[16]. Today, the building continues to function as a major office space, housing a diverse range of tenants.
Currently, Honigman LLP, one of the largest law firms in Michigan, is a key tenant within the First National Building[17]. The renovation completed by Dan Gilbert included the addition of 15,000 square feet of new retail space[18], further diversifying the building’s economic activity. The building’s revitalization has contributed to the ongoing economic development of downtown Detroit, attracting businesses and investment to the area.
Culture
The First National Building’s architecture, designed by Albert Kahn[19], reflects the architectural styles prevalent during the early 20th century. The recent renovations have sought to blend the original ornate decor with modern design elements, creating a unique aesthetic[20]. Features such as a video display wall, custom-designed LED lighting panels, and new marble wall features have been integrated into the historic structure.
The building’s history is also intertwined with the broader cultural narrative of Detroit’s growth and transformation. Its construction marked a period of economic prosperity and ambition, while its subsequent renovations reflect the city’s ongoing efforts to revitalize its downtown core. The building’s association with the banking industry also speaks to the importance of finance in Detroit’s development. The building, as a contributing property, is part of a U.S. Historic district[21].
See Also
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