Palmer Woods Historic District
Palmer Woods Historic District is a 188-acre residential neighborhood in Detroit, Michigan, renowned for its architecturally significant homes and carefully planned landscape. Established in 1915, the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, recognizing its special character and well-preserved examples of early 20th-century design[1]. The neighborhood continues to be a desirable place to live, maintaining the aesthetic envisioned by its original developers and landscape architect.
History
The origins of Palmer Woods lie in the estate of Senator Thomas Witherell Palmer. In 1915, his son sold a portion of the land to developer Charles W. Burton, with the specific requirement that the “Palmer” name be incorporated into the new subdivision[2]. This ensured a connection to the prominent Palmer family and lent prestige to the developing neighborhood. The majority of the homes within the district were constructed between 1917 and 1929, a period of significant growth and prosperity for Detroit. In 1938, Palmer Woods was honored with the Michigan Horticultural Society’s Award of Merit, being recognized as the finest subdivision in the state[3].
The development of Palmer Woods was distinguished by a commitment to thoughtful planning. Ossian Cole Simonds, a landscape architect known for his prairie style, designed the neighborhood’s curving streets. This design intentionally differed from the grid-like street patterns common in much of Detroit, aiming to enhance the natural terrain and limit through traffic[4]. The area contains over 300 homes, varying in size from approximately 2,000 square feet to expansive estates, such as the 35,000 square foot Tudor revival mansion built for one of the Fisher Brothers in 1925. This mansion, later donated to the Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit, was notable for its religious symbolism and extensive use of Pewabic pottery tiles.
Geography
Palmer Woods is bounded by Seven Mile Road to the south, Woodward Avenue to the east, and Strathcona Drive, which curves to the north and west[5]. This location places it within the northern section of Detroit, offering a relatively secluded and residential environment. The 188-acre district benefits from the landscape design implemented by Ossian Cole Simonds, which integrated the natural topography into the street layout. The curving streets and limited through traffic contribute to a sense of tranquility and privacy within the neighborhood.
The landscaping within Palmer Woods was specifically designed to take advantage of the natural terrain. Simonds’ approach prioritized preserving existing features and minimizing disruption to the environment. This resulted in a neighborhood characterized by mature trees, rolling hills, and a generally verdant appearance. The design also aimed to create a sense of spaciousness and visual appeal, enhancing the aesthetic quality of the homes and the overall neighborhood environment.
Culture
Palmer Woods has maintained a strong sense of community throughout its history. The Palmer Woods Association actively works to preserve the neighborhood’s character and promote a high quality of life for its residents[6]. The neighborhood’s architectural diversity and well-maintained properties contribute to its unique cultural identity. The area’s commitment to preserving its historical integrity is evident in the ongoing efforts to maintain the original design principles and architectural styles.
The neighborhood's cultural fabric is also enriched by its association with prominent figures in Detroit’s history. Notable residents have included Charles Burton, the developer of Palmer Woods, architect C. Howard Crane, known for his work on the Fox Theatre, and former Michigan Governor George Romney[7]. This legacy of influential residents has helped to shape the neighborhood’s identity and contribute to its enduring appeal.
Notable Residents
Several prominent individuals have called Palmer Woods home, contributing to its historical and cultural significance. Charles W. Burton, the developer who brought Palmer Woods into being, was among the first residents, demonstrating his commitment to the neighborhood he created[8]. C. Howard Crane, the architect responsible for Detroit’s iconic Fox Theatre, also resided within the district, further solidifying its connection to the city’s architectural heritage.
George Romney, a former Governor of Michigan and father of Senator Mitt Romney, and his family were also residents of Palmer Woods[9]. The Fisher Brothers, of Fisher Body fame, also had a significant presence in the neighborhood, commissioning the large Tudor revival mansion that later served as a residence for the Archbishop of Detroit. The home at 19395 Cumberland Way is the Alexander Sydney Ramage House, and the Alfred J. Fisher Mansion and Bishop Mansion are also located within the district[10].
Attractions
While Palmer Woods is primarily a residential neighborhood, its architectural beauty and landscape design make it an attraction in itself. The homes within the district represent a variety of architectural styles, including Georgian, Mediterranean, Tudor, and Arts and Crafts[11]. Driving or walking through the neighborhood allows visitors to appreciate the diversity and craftsmanship of these homes.
The Turkel Home, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is located at the edge of the Palmer Woods Historic District on West Seven Mile Road near Strathcona, and is a notable architectural landmark[12]. This is the only home in Detroit designed by Wright, making it a significant destination for architecture enthusiasts. The neighborhood’s landscaping, designed by Ossian Cole Simonds, also contributes to its aesthetic appeal, offering a peaceful and visually pleasing environment.